I. Product Introduction
Titanium alloy forged blocks are square forgings made of titanium and titanium alloys through forging processes. They possess the core advantages of titanium alloys such as high strength, lightweight, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Moreover, after forging, they have a dense structure and uniform mechanical properties, making them key basic components in high-end equipment manufacturing. Titanium blocks (forged and rolled billets), as the core material for the lining plates of chemical reactors and the load-bearing bases of deep-sea equipment, have become an irreplaceable strategic material in extreme environments due to their all-medium corrosion resistance (acid/alkali/hydrogen ion resistance), ultra-high strength and toughness matching (compressive strength >=800MPa), and large-sized integral forming advantages. Compared with traditional Hastelloy, titanium blocks have an 8-fold longer lifespan in boiling hydrochloric acid and can reduce weight by 40%.
II. Production Process
The core objective of titanium alloy forging is to eliminate defects such as porosity and segregation in ingots through "hot working + plastic deformation", optimize the grain structure, and enhance the strength, toughness and dimensional accuracy of the forgings. The complete process route requires strict control of temperature, deformation amount and cooling rate.
1. Raw material preparation and pretreatment: Select titanium ingots of the corresponding grade based on the application scenario. Remove the oxide scale from the surface of the titanium ingots (by mechanical grinding or acid washing, with an acid washing formula of HF:HNO₃:H₂O=1:3:16) to prevent the oxide scale from being pressed into the forging during forging and causing defects. At the same time, the titanium ingot is subjected to homogenization annealing (at a temperature of 900 to 950℃, holding for 2 to 4 hours) to eliminate the internal composition segregation of the ingot.
2. Heating process: Titanium alloy forging is sensitive to temperature and must be strictly controlled around the " transition temperature" (T ). Vacuum resistance furnaces or inert gas-protected furnaces (argon atmosphere) should be used to prevent titanium alloys from oxidizing and absorbing hydrogen at high temperatures (excessive hydrogen content can lead to "hydrogen embrittlement", and H should be controlled to be <=0.015%). The heating rate should be <=150℃/h to avoid thermal stress cracking. The holding time is calculated based on the thickness of the titanium ingot (1.5 to 2.5 minutes /mm) to ensure uniform temperature penetration.
3. Forging processing: Custom square molds are used. The heated titanium billets are placed in the mold cavity and formed in one or multiple passes through a press (tonnage >=3000t). The molds need to be preheated to 300-400 ℃ to reduce the risk of mold wear and forging cracking. After die forging, the microstructure of the forged part is more uniform, and the subsequent machining allowance can be reduced by 30% to 50%.
4. Heat treatment process: Annealing treatment (mainstream process) : Eliminate forging internal stress, stabilize microstructure, and enhance plasticity.
5. Machining and finishing: The oxide scale and excess allowance on the forging surface are removed by milling machines and planers, and the forging is initially machined into a square shape (leaving a finishing allowance of 1 to 3mm). Milling and grinding are carried out by using a CNC machining center to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the square. Remove burrs at the corners and edges, and use ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains and metal debris.
Ⅲ. Application
1. Chemical Engineering and Marine Engineering: Deep-sea equipment bases and valve bodies, chemical reactor liners and electrodes
2. New energy field: Inner lining of chemical reaction vessels, core shafts of lithium battery cathode rollers
3. Emerging technology fields: Nuclear fusion reactor diverters, titanium alloy joints for submarine optical cables.
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